Pick 3 invertebrates Compare them in terms of physical features and systems. Identify at least 3 similarities and 3 differences.

Abalone
The abalone has a flattened spiral shell that protects the muscular foot. Abalones are permanently attached to their shell by the muscle attachment. It also has holes on the edge of the shell that release eggs or sperm, discharge metabolic wastes and allow water to flow out after passing through the animal's gill chamber. The abalone feeds by clinging onto rocks, waiting for a piece of kelp to drift by. It then clamps down on the kelp with its foot and chews on it with its radula- a rough tongue with many small teeth.


Starfish
The starfish has arms attached to the body. Under the bottom of the starfish are tube feet that help with movement and feeding. The starfish has a water vascular system.

Genome Summary #3 Chapter 3 - History

     Dr. Archibald Garrod is introduced in the book. He published an accurate hypothesis in 1902 called the "inborn errors of metabolism." He thought that each gene produced one chemical catalyst, and the inborn mistakes were caused by genetic mutations, and proteins manage practically every function of the body. Garrod's theory did not resurface until thirty five years later though. Mendel and Darwin's theory of "the atomic theory of biology" and natural selection, respectively, were combined in 1918. Discoveries about mutations showed that genes were recipes for proteins and mutations were "altered proteins made by altered genes". Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA. Crick also discovered the twenty- three words that the genome uses.

Genome Summary #2 Chapter 2 - Species

     In the past it was thought that there were 24 chromosomes in the human gene but there are actually 23. Apes have 24 because the second human chromosome is a fusion of two ape chromosomes. Because of this relationship between the ape species and human species many religious figures believe the human soul is near the centromere of chromosome 2. The human species is thought the be a success because we have dominated over other species over time. We were able to colonize land and domesticate animals. Humans and chimpanzees are genetically 98% the same, although the split between the two is unclear, it is clear that the chimpanzee population also split.  One developed a genetic mutation with the fusion of two chromosomes that prevented the two populations from breeding to form a new species that eventually became the human species. Matt Ridley believes that the differences between species are in the genes, they don't control behavior but they do play a part.