Ridley talks about genetic manipulations with the experiments involving recombinant DNA. Paul Berg made the first man-made recombinant DNA by using restriction enzymes and ligase. The experiments using recombinant DNA where a retrovirus would be stripped of its infectious genes and replaced with a desired gene, then injected into the body, directly or through cultured cell, trying to cure carious diseases through gene therapy. From the use of embryonic stem cells and recombinant DNA there are possibilities of human cloning with genetic improvements.
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